Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Aurora, Colorado Movie Theater Shooting Assignment

Aurora, Colorado Movie Theater Shooting - Assignment Example As such, this brief analysis will consider the means whereby a litany of reporters and news agencies have dealt with the situation, the way in which the police and prosecutors have responded to this, and the harmful precedent that this has set for the world of journalism and the furtherance of the trade. Firstly, though the veritable firestorm of media activity surrounding this particular case has somewhat subsided recently, the press ravenously sought to find any and all relevant, juicy, or pertinent information with regard to the case in the early stages after the violence took place. This was primarily accomplished by seeking to engage individuals that experienced the violence firsthand or had lost friends or family in the massacre in the theater. Initial eyewitness reports that were gained by several news outlets sought to portray a situation where a type of coordinated attack involving two or more individuals was something that could likely have happened based upon eye-witness t estimony. However, as key instances of the case were better understood, the media began to more appropriately list the real perpetrator as a lone-wolf acting alone. Moreover, as time has gone on and the trial has been set for Holmes, little if any media attention has taken place. Although it is the expectation of this student that this will change when a verdict nears in the case, such an action may very well be indicative of a press that operates on the very edge and can afford no more than a brief coverage of an event until the viewership/readership is bored and ready for the next story. However, due to the fact that as yet no verdict has been proclaimed by the court, overall coverage of the issue itself has abated and the viewpoints expressed have tended to mirror what was originally discussed once the details of the case were clearer. Secondly, with regard to the sheer shock that the shooting engendered within the nation, it is not a surprise that the media instantly sought to g ain access to the information surrounding the events that led up to and culminated in the massacre at the theater in Aurora. However, what was particularly shocking was the sheer persistency with which the media sought to engage those individuals who had experienced the shooting and survived as well as those individuals who had lost family members in the shooting (Ingold 1). Since the very beginning of investigative journalism there has been the thin line between getting the story and respecting the rights of a traumatized individual; however, these rights were egregiously ignored in the case of the Aurora shooting interview and subsequent attempts to glean information from the ultimate shareholders. This was so much the case that the police and prosecution were forced into the public arena to announce that the actions that were being undertaken by various media representatives and their reporters were unethical at best and downright harmful to the furtherance of the investigation a t worst. Although there was and is no criminal code, other than harassment and filing an restraining order, with regard to keeping an overzealous reporter at bay, the problem that many of these shareholders faced

Monday, October 28, 2019

Big Movie Essay Example for Free

Big Movie Essay Big (Movie) Big, a movie which stars Tom Hanks, is about a 13 year old boy Josh who wished to grow up and become â€Å"big. † He made this wish upon a fortunetelling machine in an amusement pier, which came true the following day when he woke up and became a grown up man. The conflict in the story revolves around his dilemma to cope with the abrupt changes which took place overnight. In physique, he looks like an old man, but he is still a 13 year old boy mentally and emotionally. Thus he had the difficulty to mingle with gown up people, including his problem in getting a job and engaging in romantic relationships (Internet Movie Database). Certain conflicts happened during the course of the story. First, is brought by the abrupt changes in his physique which would prompt the boy to act according to his new appearance. Second, his integration amongst the adults while he still continues to have his kid best friend also adds up to his identity dilemma. And third, due to these conflicts, he is torn between opting to remain as an adult with his found girlfriend, or whether he must return to his old kid self. To address these conflicts, one must look at the reason why it started. The conflicts all started with one wish. When Josh wished he would be a grown up, and it suddenly came true, ignited all the conflicts. Hence, the reason that pushed him into making that wish is essential in the story. What prompted the wish? His seemingly troubled character and the pressures that he usually gets from his parents made him wish to become bigger and independent. The crisis that he is experiencing as a childhood made him to want to become a grown up, and explore the world the way that he isn’t allowed to do while he is still a teenager. This only shows the great importance that parents play in a child’s development most importantly in his adolescent years. Families, particularly parents, hold a vital part in a child’s rearing. Their influences, serve as either an inspiration to their children; or it creates a negative impact, such as pressure for the child. Thus, it is necessary that they get a closer look into the child’s thoughts and emotions for them to be able to properly guide the child towards his adolescent years. Moreover, as shown in the movie, Josh’ struggle to fit into the new world of adults is a proof that the gap in his adolescent growth made him unequipped to cope with the more complicated world of adults. This gap in his growth, both in biological and emotional aspects, rendered him the incapability to properly adjust to the bigger world. This instance shows the utter importance of identity development during adolescent years. Hence this proves that the social transitions that adolescents encounter are rigid part of one’s identity. In addition, the dilemma of being an adult while continuing the childlike behavior that Josh still keeps in the company of his best friend is another facet for his dilemma. The crisis on whether he should act as an adult, or still maintain the inner kid that he really adds more to his identity problem. Given these situations and identity crisis that were shown in the movie, it is necessary to stress the absolute importance of parenting roles in the development of a child’s identity, most especially if he is in his critical adolescent years. First, the parents must avoid letting the kid feel pressured. Parents must always be there for constant reminders and guidance, but in such a way that the kid wouldn’t feel anxious towards the things that are being expected of them. In addition, power struggle between the parents and the kid shall be avoided. Implication of excessive authority from the parents towards their kids breeds awkwardness in the relationship and at most times, the kids would feel embarrassed, resented and bitter towards the role that they play in their family. Thus it results to feeling of inferiority and sometimes pushes the urge of being more independent and free from the scrutiny of their elders. It must be fully recognized that adolescents have their usual pursuits for independence. And the parents must fully understand that such thing is normal for the development of their kids, thus parents must not consider it as a gesture of rejection of kids to their parents, or a sign of them losing control over their kids. Instead, parents must take it positively as a growth and maturity stage of kids during their adolescent years. Therefore it is important that elders welcome this stage without dominating the way that the child should undergo his growth. Rather, they should pose as a consistent figure of a confidant for teenagers especially at their most critical stages. Moreover, as teens are normally in the stage of their increased curiosity towards the discovery of many things, they tend to become influenced by outside peers and may undergo crucial changes and adverse behavior. This would now require an even more challenging role to penetrate the development of a child. The parents and the whole family must make the child feel that whatever decisions and changes that he may undergo, the whole family shall always be there to offer a hand. The commitment of the family to support him will be a very effective guard that can help in developing a greater sense of responsibility and maturity towards the changes the he will undergo. Thus, as shown in the movie, the growth and development of a kid is dependent upon effective parenting. Though choices made by the kids are solely based on their own judgment, still, how they were brought up and how they felt inside the house with their families play a large part in coming up with such decisions. It is therefore an integral part of an adolescent undergoing his personal development that he constantly interacts with parents and family members. Personal relationships are indeed vital in the molding of someone’s personality, thus, how he chooses to mingle with other people and how he chooses options for growth are products of these closely knitted personal relationships. And as seen in the movie wherein the conflict started from a wish, and ended with a wish – it exemplifies that choices are made internally. Options are weighed based on the values that have been instilled within a person through the way he was reared up by his parents. Being a young boy made him impulsive in making his choices; skipping through his adolescent stage made him weary about his life and doubtful on the choices that he has made; and finally, the maturity he earned by closing in the gap of his childhood days and turning abruptly into an adult lead him to another choice – that is to start from where he had left off. He went back to his adolescent years, again from his own choices, and eventually learned from the mistakes he had through the help of his best friend and mother who was glad that he was back. Big at Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 7, 2007

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Tlo Vs. New Jersey: When Is The Constitution Invalid? :: essays research papers

TLO vs. New Jersey: When Is The Constitution Invalid?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of New Jersey vs. TLO, I rule in favor of the petitioner, the state of New Jersey. In this case, I found no reason in the claims made by TLO and her defense. They claimed that the search conducted by school officials was unconstitutional. These officials were searching her purse for cigarettes, which she was caught smoking in the bathroom. During the search for the cigarettes they found the cigarettes, rolling papers used for making joints, a list of names with quantities of money owed to TLO, and finally a bag of marijuana. TLO says that she cannot be tried for any of these offenses, because she was violated of her rights promised in amendment 4, unlawful search and seizure. Yet, the incriminating items were found at the same time as the cigarettes, and given reasonable cause for suspicion, the school does have the legal right to search its students, and finally, the school officials had the right to search her purse because there was a reasonable doubt of her claiming to innocence being true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TLO's 4th amendment rights were however, in fact not violated due to the reasonable cause and suspicion of her smoking, so the search was truly reasonable. And there is the fact that the teacher caught her smoking. Obviously it is the teacher's responsibility to take the student to the principal for suspension or other means of punishment. When TLO was asked whether or not she had been smoking, she said no.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The school officials then had a reasonable doubt, and they now had by all legal means the right to search TLO for evidence that she had been smoking. The search of her purse, if she had been innocent, would have proved her innocent, or guilty if she actually was guilty. The search was conducted privately, and was by no means humiliating to TLO.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally the officials did search TLO's purse for any kind of evidence, to prove her innocent, or guilty. They, in the process of the search, found all the following incriminating items: the cigarettes, rolling papers used for making joints, a list of names with quantities of money owed to TLO, and a bag of marijuana. The order in which they were found is still unclear. None the less all these items were found during the search which was justified by the suspicion of her smoking.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Are Cell Phones Necessary in Teen’s Lives? Essay

I believe that cell phones are necessary in teen’s lives for the following three reasons. Firstly, they are a good social way to keep in contact with friends and family. Secondly, they are a fast and easy emergency resource. Thirdly, cell phones are an easy way to access the internet and they are entertainment to teens. Firstly, I believe that cell phones are a good social way to keep in contact with friends and family for the following three reasons. A lot of teen’s need to keep in touch with their family and friends so they can know whether or not they have anything after school. Having a cell phone makes it easy for teen’s to talk to their friends and family on any day at any time. Lastly, if there is a sudden change with any plans they have, having a cell phone makes it easy to keep in contact. Therefore, for those reasons I believe cell phones are necessary in teens lives. Secondly, I believe that cell phones are a fast and easy emergency resource for teens for the following three reasons. One of the reasons is if there is an emergency at home if is easy to get in contact with their kids. Another reason is sometime when teenagers are walking home alone and they feel as if they were being followed they sometimes pretend to act as if they were on talking to someone. Lastly, sometimes teenagers leave their school work at home they can easily text or call their parents and get them to bring their project to them. Therefore, for those reasons I believe cell phones are necessary in teen’s lives. Lastly, I believe that cell phone are an easy way to access internet and are entertainment for teens. One of the reasons is that cell phones have easy access to social networking sites. Sites like Facebook and Twitter can be used very accessible anywhere you go. Another reason is most phones have an application world, which allows them to pick from thousands of different applications to customize their phone. Lastly, with Wifi you can use the internet to go on any site at any time. Therefore, that is another reason why I believe cell phones are necessary in teens lives. In conclusion, I believe that cell phones are necessary in teen’s lives for the following three reasons. Firstly, they are a good social way to keep in contact with friends and family. Secondly, they are a fast and easy emergency resource. Thirdly, cell phones are an easy way to access the internet and they are entertainment to teens.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Charles Dickens Essay

Pip describes a setting and makes dialog which emphasize him feeling small, alone, and helpless in a large world. His feelings of isolation and smallness in this chapter are shown in the description of his self’s presence in a large scene: â€Å"At such a time I found out for certain that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard†¦ and that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry was Pip. â€Å"(10). This description contrasts with that of the life of Pip as a whole, shifting from a larger perspective to a smaller one instead of vice versa. Also, the feeling of helplessness overtakes Pip as he pleads, â€Å"Oh! Don’t cut my throat sir,† and, â€Å"Pray don’t do it, sir. â€Å"(10). Although Pip’s speech makes him seem helpless, ironically, the convict seems much more mentally deprived. The first chapter portrays the relationship between innocence and corruption. Pip visiting the graveyard provides an example of this theme, as his innocence contrasts with the graveyard’s death or horror connotation. Pip also encounters an escaped convict, with whom he differs with in deed, manner, and speaking pattern. For example, when forcing Pip to retrieve a file and wittles, the convict says, â€Å"Now lookee here†¦ the question being whether you’re to be let to live. You know what a file is? † and Pip later describes the convict leaving: â€Å"As I saw him go†¦ he looked into my †¦ eyes as if he were eluding the hands of the dead people, stretching up cautiously out of their graves to†¦ pull him in. â€Å"(11, 13). Despite the convict’s mistreatment of Pip, Pip sympathetically describes the convict leaving the churchyard. Errors in speech and child poverty create social commentary. For example, Dickens comments on the necessity of a country-wide education with the dialog of the convict, as the convict says, â€Å"Pint out the place! † instead of using the word â€Å"point. † (10). Furthermore, Pip makes deductions based on a small amount of evidence, as he concludes his mother was named â€Å"Also Georgiana† from the text on her tombstone. The novel also depicts the effects child poverty, as Pip speaks about his younger brothers â€Å"who gave up trying to get a living exceedingly early in that universal struggle† in reference to the hardships the poor faced and the carelessness towards lives of children (9). Bread falling out of Pip’s pocket as the convict overturns him also alludes to poverty. The first chapter defines the novel type and describes the protagonist, Pip. A bildungsroman novel describes a character’s moral or psychological development or experiences early in life. The childish narration of Pip and his name itself, meaning the seed of a fruit, conclude the novel to be of this type. Social commentary and Pip’s perspective characterize him as a naive narrator. For example, the convict flips him upside-down and Pip declares the object he looks at to flip over: â€Å"When the church came to itself – for he was so sudden and strong that he made it go head over heels before me†¦ † (10). In conclusion, Dickens accomplishes social and literary goals in this novel. He introduces a naive narrator and literary paradox in the first chapter. The importance of names inside the novel and contrasts of corruption and innocence show two primary motifs. Pip’s descriptions and observations make social commentary on the struggles of the impoverished and the need for widely available education. Meaningful names in the novel, contrasts between corruption and innocence, and social commentary also continue to appear further in the novel and serve as a basis for other themes.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Music in psychology essays

Music in psychology essays The D12 song Good Die Young has a lot of psychological behavior involved in it. The whole basis for the song is a tribute to people who die young, mainly Karnail Pitts aka Robert Beck aka Bugz. Bugz was a rapper in the group D12. D12 was a rap group founded by Proof. The first members of D12 were Proof, Eminem, and Kon Artist. They were later joined by a MC named Eye Kyu. Then Bizarre joined the group. Bugz was the sixth member. When Bugz was killed Eminem placed Swifty Mc Veigh in the group because it was Bugz wish. Bugz was born in May of 1978 and was loved and appreciated by all the D12 members for his rapping skills. His life ended tragically on May the 21st 1999, he was only 21 years old. Bugz was literally killed over a water gun. Bugz cousins friend was sprayed with a water gun and she took offense. She started an argument with the person and it escalated to a fist fight. Bugz intervened on the behalf of his cousin. Then a friend of the guy with the water gun went back to their expedition and retrieved a rifle. He fired three shots into Bugz while he was looking away, at close range, two in the chest and one in the neck. Next the two men jumped in the expedition and ran over Bugz. An ambulance was called, but the traffic was so bad on the bridge to Belle Isle that the ambulance could not get onto the island for about thirty minutes. When Bugz finally reached the hospital his injuries were so bad that he could not be saved. Each member of D12 gets their own verse to make a tribute to Bugz. Kon Artist begins rapping about all the things people have to do just to prove themselves and how people think that as long as they repent god will forgive them. Kon Artist writes about his little brother selling dope and how much he still has to prove but he wishes he didnt have to lose Bugz to the struggle. Bizarre begins by writing about how bad it is in Detroit and how he keeps his gun in ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Essays

Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Essays Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Paper Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry A musical sound is represented by a symbol called a(n): note Measures mark off groupings of beats, each with a fixed number that coincides with the meter. True A repeated rhythmic pattern in which an accented beat is followed by two unaccented beats is in: triple meter The metrical pattern in which a strong beat alternates with a weak one is called: duple meter The resting place at the end of a phrase is called: a cadence Syncopation is typical of African American dance music and spirituals. True Which of the following songs is in compound meter? Greensleeves Melodies that have numerous wide intervals are disjunct True According to the textbook, the musical element that makes the widest and most direct appeal is: melody The overall shape of a melody is called range. False Should a composer write a dil score to a horror movie, we might reasonably expect the the harmony would include a great deal of: dissonance Meter is an organizing principle shared by music and poetry. True The simultaneous use of two or more rhythmic patters is called: polyrhythm A combination of tones that is discordant and unstable produces a consonance. False A triad is a chord made up of three tones. True Generally speaking, music had grown more consonant though the ages. False Polyrhythm is the characteristic of musics of many African cultures. True In triple meter, the strongest pule occurs on: The first beat In sextuple meter, the principle accents usually fall on: beats 1 and 3 A musical sound: generally has a perceivable pitch and a measurable frequency. A succession of single tones or pitches perceives as a unit is called: a melody A collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order is called: a scale The distance between two pitches is called: an interval The two scale types commonly found in Western music from about 1650 to 1900 are major and minor. True Most musical cultures share the concept of melody or musical line. True The element of music that organizes movement in time is: rhythm Music that moves without a sense of beat or meter is called: nonmetric The distance between the highest and lowest tones of a melody is called the: range Which of the following terms describes a concordant, to agreeable, combination of tones? consonant A melody can be characterized by: All of the above The regular pulse in music is called the beat A triad is: all of the above What meter is known as common time? quadruple The deliberate shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat is called: syncopation A texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called: monophonic A unit of meaning within a larger structure of a melody is called: a phrase The vertical dimension of music is called: harmony Meter is the grouping of the beats The number of vibration per second is called: frequency In simple duple meter tree are beats in a measure and each beat is divisible by three. False Which of the following terms refers to the use of EVERY pitch in the range of an octave? chromatic In harmony, a place of rest and return is: the tonic The number of vibrations per second is called: frequency Which term describes a melody that moves by small intervals? conjunct The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another is: timbre Musical punctuation, similar to a comma or period in a sentence, is called: a cadence The first accented beat of a measure is called a: downbeat Polyphonic texture is two or more melodic lines or equal importance sounding at the same time Which of the following does NOT make frequent use of pentatonic scales? Western art music When two or more independent melodic lines are combines, the resulting texture is called: polyphony In a major scale, the greatest tension lies between what two tones? 7 and 8 Active chords seek to resolve to resting chords, imparting a sense of direction or goal. True In homorhythmic texture, the melody and harmony move with the same rhythm. True With which era is chromatic music most frequently associated Romantic A twelve-tone scale, including all the semitones of he octave, is called: chromatic The term homophonic describes a single-voiced texture without accompaniment. False The interweaving of the melodic lines, or the relationship of musical lines, within a work is called: texture Which of the following terms does NOT refer to a musical scale? monophonic According to the textbook, the most commonly heard texture today is likely to be: homophony The smallest interval in the Western musical system is called: a half step Most compositions use one type of texture exclusively. False The process of passing from one key to another is known as: modulation Which symbol represents the tonic chord> I The art of counterpoint is most closely associated with monophonic texture. False In Western music, the octave is divided into how many equal intervals? twelve The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and hen restated in another is called: imitation The musical symbol # represents a: sharp In a major scale, between which pairs of tones do the half steps occur? 3 and 4, 7 and 8 Which symbol represents the dominant chord? V Some traditional music of the Middle East and the Far East today is still monophonic. True The predominant texture used in Western music until about one thousand years ago was: monophony Chromatic music is most closely associated with the Classical era. False A musical texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called: monophonic The smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called: a motive Form in music refers to the overall plan for the organization of the music The first note of the scale: all of the above A combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution is called: dissonance Which of the following tempo markings does NOT indicate a slow tempo? allegro The restatement of a musical idea at a higher or lower pitch is called: sequence The word that indicates the music should get louder is decrescendo. False The term a cappella refers to a choral music performed: without any accompaniment A mechanism that generates musical vibrations and launches them into the air is called: an instrument Most large musical ensembles need a conductor in order to perform together. True The term pizzicato means to play in a throbbing manner. False The highest-sounding member of the woodwind family is the: piccolo The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another is: timbre Which of the following voice types has the lowest range? bass The pipe organ is a wind instrument, sounded by air. True The style of a historical period is defined by: the total language of all its artists The piano is limited by a narrow range of pitches and dynamics. False Which of the following is true of all brass instruments? all of the above The approximate dates for the Renaissance era are: 1450-1600 The human voice: possess lyric beauty and expressiveness that have been a model for instrument builders and players Which of the following is the lowest member of the double-reed family? the contrabassoon Which of the following brass instruments is sometimes played with the performers hand plugging the bell? French horn The modern orchestra is typically made up of thirty to forty players. False The soprano brass instrument sometimes described as possessing a brilliant timbre is the: trumpet Which is the correct order of bowed string instruments from highest to lowest in range? Violin, viola, cello, double bass Of the following, which describes the organ? all of the above Which marking is appropriate for a slow tempo? Adagio Woodwind instruments: all have holes in the pipe A set of pipes on an organ that has the same voice is known as a rank The term band refers to a: all of the above In chamber music, a piano quintet is one piano plus a string quartet The most common chamber music ensemble is the String Quartet The standard brass quintet consists of 2 trumpets, horn, trombone, tuba The two centers of power in the Middle Ages were the feudal lord and the state. False The modes were the basis for European art music for less than one hundred years. False The order of church services and the structure of each service are known as the liturgy. True During the Middle Ages, which of the following was NOT a reason to seek shelter in a monastery or convent? search for an easy life Which of the following does NOT characterize Gregorian chant? triadic harmonies A setting of Gregorian chant with one note per syllable is called: syllabic Hildegards Alleluia, O virga mediatrix has a neumatic text setting with some melismas. True In addition to composing music, Hildegard of Bingen is known for: all of the above Music notation was invented to further the goals of Christian worship. True The core of music-making today s largely based on the traditions from: Europe On which liturgical occasion(s) was Hildegards Alleliua, O virga mediatrix sung? feast days of the Virgin Mary ____is traditionally associated with collecting and organizing the chants of the church. Pope Gregory the Great A setting of plainchant with many notes per syllable is called syllabic. False What event opened the doors between East and West? the Crusades Some scholars argue that song was one of the earliest forms of speech. True Why does Gregorian chant sound so different from other types of Western music? There is no harmony The order of the church services and the structure of each service are known as the liturgy. True Which of the following was NOT a role for secular music? assisting in religious services Groups of wandering peasant class medieval secular musicians, mainly in France, were known as: Jongleurs The Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei constitute what part of the Mass? the Ordinary Minstrels were the medieval secular musicians who were considered to be the lowest order. False Medieval carols grew out of the celebration of the Midnight Mass after Western Europe was converted by the Christian Church. False What is the primary language of the Mass? Latin Free organum was most often found in tropes Troubadours, trouvà ¨res, and trobairitz were medieval poet-musicians. True Minstrel means little servant The term Dark Ages formerly referred to the time: between 500 and 1000 c.e. Since Machaut was a cleric in the church, he wrote only sacred music. False In Early motets, the voice of the motet that contains the original Gregorian melody is: the Tenor The Frankish emperor who encourages education and the concept of a centralized government was: Charlemagne The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is Magnificat. False When did organs begin to be used in Western European catholic churches? 10th Century AD A waytpipe all of the above Early notation suggested melodic contours using small ascending and descending signs called: neumes Some carols predate Christianity. True Only a few of the original Gregorian chant melodies still survive today. False The special Mass sung at funerals and memorials in the Roman Catholic Church is: the Requiem Surviving medieval music contains very specific instrumental indications. False In creating organum, the added voice was most often called the duplum Which type of medieval organ was the most portable? Portative Italian madrigalists set words such as weeping, trembling, and dying with great expression. True Josquins Ave Mariavirgo serena is an example of the: motet The dominant composers of the early Renaissance came from: northern Europe The syllables fa la la appeared in the refrains of secular music from ___ England Which of the following best describes the character of Farmers Fair Phyllis? pastoral and light The portion of the Mass that changes from day to day, depending on the feast celebrated, is called: the Proper Which of the following is NOT part of the Ordinary of the Mass? Alleluia Religious belief became more personal during the Renaissance. True Josquin did not use preexisting melodies in his sacred works. False Which of the following best describes the texture of ideal Renaissance sacred music? imitative Palestrina spent the bulk of his career in Rome. True After the Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people. This was known as: the Counter-Reformation The dense counterpoint in the Pope Marcellus Mass obscures the words. False Unlike Italian madrigals, Fair Phyllis has no word painting. False Josquins career centered exclusively in his native France. False Why does the Renaissance music sound different from medieval music? all of the above Renaissance means rebirth A medieval brass instrument usually made from wood with finger holes is called: the cornetto The term antiphonal implies more than one group of performers. True England adopted the Italian madrigal and developed it into a native form. True Instrumental music was much more important than vocal music in the Renaissance. False Like the Renaissance motet, the polyphonic setting of the Mass was often based on a cantus firmus. True Although the invention of the printing press revolutionized the dissemation of the printed word, it was unadaptable to printing music. False Popular tunes were never used in the Ordinary of the Mass during the Renaissance. False An important philosophical outlook of the Renaissance was humanism Which of the following could be considered an appropriate outdoor instrument? the sackbut The greatest native-born English composer of the Baroque was: Henry Purcell The orchestral introduction heard at the beginning of an opera is called: an overture Johann Sebastian Bach was most famous in his day as a performer on: the organ The sacred cantata was an integral part of the: Lutheran church service During his lifetime, Johann Sebastian Bach was known primarily as a great organist. True George Frideric is considered a master of: the oratorio Which of the following does NOT characterize the oratorio? elaborate scenery Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion from Messiah is an example of: a da carpo aria The role of the chorus is especially important in the oratorio. True Handel wrote his oratorio over a period of four years. False Many operas during the Baroque were based on characters from Greek and Roman mythology. True Which statement is true of Baroque Era cantatas? all of the above An important composer of early operas was Monteverdi A virtuoso is someone who is very skilled in performing The earliest operas took their plots from: Greek mythology A drama that is sung is called: an opera Violin sonatas always have keyboard accompaniment. False At its inception, opera took the world by storm and was seen by huge audiences all over Western Europe. False What is the form of each individual movement in a suite? binary Handels Water Music is best described as a: suite The Baroque period was the first in which instrumental music was comparable in importance to vocal music. True Which of the following was the greatest and most prolific Italian composer of concertos? Vivaldi Vivaldi lived in Venice, where he taught music at a girls school. True Antonio Vivaldi composed over two hundred concertos for solo violin. True What is a toccata? an improvisatory, virtuosic keyboard work What is the principal element of a fugue? counterpoint A fugue is a form intended exclusively for solo keyboard performance. False Bachs last demonstration of contrapuntal mastery was: The Art of Fugue Baroque composers applied the concept of the suite to: all of the above The typical solo concierto has ___ movements. three Which of the following is a well-known set of concertos by Vivaldi? The Four Seasons The Four Seasons can be considered program music. False Which of the following was NOT an important keyboard instrument during the Baroque? the piano The___ is a keyboard form based on the principle of voices imitating each other. fugue Which of the following is a set of forty-eight preludes and fugues by Bach? The Well-Tempered Clavier In the field of keyboard music, Johann Sebastian Bachs most important collection was: The Well-Tempered Clavier Today, Baroque music is played exclusively on modern instruments. False The Baroque concerto is written for a solo instrument with a continuo accompaniment. False What is the principal element of fugue? counterpoint The keyboard instrument that uses various sets of pipes to create contrasting colors is: the organ The three main keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ, and piano. False In a fugue, the area of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called: episodes A sonata is an instrumental piece in several movements for a soloist or a small ensemble Handels Water Music Suite is so names because it was composed for a yachting trip King George I of England took down the river Thames Handel, though German, had a great interest in writing Italian opera. True The modern orchestra has its roots in the orchestra of the Baroque Era. True The Baroque technique of placing numeral, indicating the harmony required, above or below the bass notes, is called: figured bass Handels Royal Fireworks Music was performed without continuo interments when played outdoors. True In The Art of Fugue, Bach includes musical reference to his own name. True A chorale is a hymn tune associated with German Protestantism. True The woodwind instruments of the baroque period are almost identical to modern instruments. False The Royal Fireworks music was originally scored for wind band. True The concerto grosso is a form relegated almost entirely to the Baroque era. True An italian overture begins with a slow section followed by a section based on a dance rhythm. False A passion is an oratorio on the final events of the life of Jesus Christ The number of players needed to perform a Baroque basso continuo is: two Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life, and had no children. False Baroque trumpets were so primitive that no concertos were composed for them. False Which of the following best describes absolute music? music without a story or text Which of the following descriptions is most characteristic of a jazz performance? improvisation on reestablished harmonic patterns Which of the following compositional techniques does theme and variation form often utilize? all of the above Haydns String Quarter, Op. 76, No. 3 was nicknamed the Emperor because: The slow movement is based on a hymn written for Emperor Franz II. Haydn enjoyed phenomenal musical success with two trips to___. England The slow movement of a multi movement cycle is most frequently the third movement. False How many movements are typical of pre-Classical symphonies? three The patronage system failed to support Haydn, and he was fired to live by teaching and performing. False The nickname father of the symphony was earned by: Haydn Haydn composed the Military Symphony for his second visit to___. London Which of the following terms describes a concordant or agreeable combination of tones? consonant The earliest operas were generally based on stories from the bible. False Like the Renaissance motet, the polyphonic setting of the Mass was often based on a cantos firms. True Percussion Instruments were unknown in the Renaissance. False C.P.E. Bach all of the above In Bachs Orchestral Suite No. 3, Air refers to a very melodic movement not related to a dance rhythm The bass brass instrument in the Renaissance was the Serpent A standard string quartet consists of: 2 violins, viola, and cello The most important instrumental genre of the Classical period was: the symphony The Renaissance represented, among other things, a rebirth of interest in and admiration of the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome Performers often improvised during the Baroque Era. True The Trumpet Concerto is Haydns only concerto False Handel spent most of his adult life in Salzburg, Austria False Carols were sung during Medieval times as part of celebrations that occurred throughout the year. True An early composer of the polyphonic music was Pà ©rotin Which of the following is NOT a member of the brass family? English horn The texts of the Proper of the Mass change regularly True In a trio sonata, it was common for musicians to substitute a flute for one of the violin parts True By the time of the Renaissance, some professional singers were being employed in the larger cathedrals True An early center for the development of polyphony was the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. True The term diatonic describes melodies or harmonies that are: built from the notes of the major or minor scale Much of what we know today about the instruments and performance practice of the Renaissance is due to the work of ___ who produced the Syntagma Musicum and compiled many dance tunes in the use during the period Michael Praetorius It was through the musical innovations of the ___ that opera was born Florentine Camerata In the eighteenth century, composers were viewed as equals to the highest level of society. False During the Baroque era, some boy singers were castrated to preserve the high register of their voices, allowing them to sing high pitched operatic roles. True The piano for its name, originally pianoforte, from: its ability to be played with some degree of dynamic contrast The separate sections of a large musical work are called: movements How many movements were typical of Early or Pre-Classical symphonies? three The trumpet for which Haydn composed his Trumpet Concerto had keys Which of these is not a characteristic of the music of the Classical era? terraced dynamics Tempo refers to the speed of the beats A pipe organ has one or more keyboards known as manuals A troper is the medieval designation for a singer in the church false All woodwind instruments have what in common? Different pitches achieved by opening and closing holes Which of the following was NOT a recommendation of the Council of Trent? using more instruments to embellish church music The test of Ave Mariavirgo serena concerns: praise of the Virgin Mary The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can douse tension in music until resolved. True All musical cultures of the world divide the octave into twelve equal half steps false Later in life, Handel turned his efforts from the opera to: the oratorio One of the reasons for the success of the Renaissance motet was its free use of the vernacular languages false In many world cultures, secular songs tend to be polyphonic false In a fugue, the technique of stating the theme in faster rhythmic values is called: diminution The first era of Western music history in which instrumental music was a major focus for composers was the: Baroque Music based on the seven tones of a major or minor scale is called: diatonic A piano trio is an ensemble of three pianos False Most of the surviving music from the early Middle Ages is secular False Vivaldis solo concertos typically are in four movements False Handels Messiah is: an oratorio Thematic development provides clarity, coherence, and logic to larger musical forms. True Music is propelled forward in time by: rhythm An oratorio is a dramatic, staged work with elaborate scenery and costumes False The famous choral climax of Handels Messiah is: the Hallelujah Chorus. Musical style is best defined as the: characteristic manner of presentation of a work Chromatic music is most closely associated with the Classical era False In Islamic practice, how many times is the call to prayer sounded in a day? Five Polyphony required the development of: New melodic modes In what era did the development of polyphony begin to emerge? Romanesque Era The earliest type of polyphony was: Organum The first major center of polyphony was Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris The Notre Dame style of polyphony, in which the tenor line was based on a preexisting chant melody and the upper voice moved freely (and more rapidly), was called: Organum Who is credited with compiling the Great Book of Organum (Magnus liber organi)? Leonin Which of the following does NOT describe Gaude Maria virgo? Accompaniment with musical instruments The tradition of troubadours and trouvПres developed in France Which of the following was NOT a subject reflected in the poems of the troubadours and trouvПres? Rebirth of Classical learning Which of the following does NOT describe the Crusades? Fostered religious tolerance in the West The outstanding composer-poet of the Ars nova was: Machaut The French courtly love song of the Middle Ages was called the: Chanson Which of the following composed Ma fin est mon commencement? Machaut Which of the following does NOT characterize Ma fin est mon commencement? It has a monophonic texture What is the form of a rondeau? ABaAabAB The expressive device that Renaissance composers used to pictorialize words musically is called Word-painting Which of the following was the most important secular genre of the sixteenth century? Madrigal Where was the madrigal first developed? Italy The vivid depiction of a text through music, known as word-painting, is a hallmark of the: Madrigal Why are the madrigals of Arcadelt so important? They brought a new level of expression to the madrigal. Madrigals with simpler and more accessible texts were especially favored in: England The invention of the printing press allowed: a. books to become available to the middle class. b. people in the middle class to learn how to read music. c. the spread of education and literacy. D*** all of the above Which of the following was a characteristic of medieval art abandoned in the Renaissance? space organized in a succession of planes Which genre of vocal music was NOT used in Renaissance church services? Chanson What best describes the texture of ideal Renaissance sacred music? Imitative The fixed melody used as a basis for elaborate polyphonic writing in the Renaissance was called A Cantus Firmus Which early Renaissance composer exerted a powerful influence on generations of composers who followed? Josquin Des Prez The text of Ave Maria . . . virgo serena is: in praise of the Virgin Mary The portion of the Mass that remains the same in every celebration of the service is called: the Ordinary The portion of the Mass that changes from day to day, depending on the feast celebrated, is called: the Proper What was the primary language of the Mass? Latin Which of the following are the movements of the Ordinary of the Mass? Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei The first section of the Ordinary of the Mass, a plea for mercy, is called the: Kyrie Which section of the Ordinary of the Mass is a confession of faith? Credo Which of the following was a leader in the Protestant Reformation? Martin Luther In the churches of Luther and Calvin, the musical emphasis was on: Inclusion of instruments in the service Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion? Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Medieval instruments can be classified as bas or haut, meaning: Soft or Loud The ________ is an end-blown flute with a breathy tone. Recorder Early instruments used for outdoor performances, such as the shawm and the sackbut, were categorized as: Loud Tielman Susato published music in which major European center? Antwerp The depth resulting from simultaneous events in music is described by the term: Texture An interval spanning eight notes is called an Octave A group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, is called a Key In harmony, the ________ is considered a place of rest and return. Tonic The three most important triads in diatonic harmony are: I, IV, and V. When a melody is transposed to another key, what remains the same? Shape of melodic line A texture in which a single voice takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying voices are subordinate is called: Homophony The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another is called: Imitation The basic structural concepts in the element of form are: Repetition and Contrast The compositional technique whereby a composer searches out a themes capacity for growth and expansion is known as: Thematic development A basic technique in thematic development is the fragmentation of themes into: Motives The rate of speed at which a piece of music is played is its: Tempo Scat-singing is common in: Jazz Which of the following is NOT a double-reed instrument? Clarinet Which of the following brass instruments is sometimes played with the performers hand plugging the bell? French Horn Which of the following is an unpitched percussion instrument? Timpani What is the name for a Balinese or Javanese orchestra made up largely of gongs, drums, and xylophone-like instruments? Gamelan The overall shape of a melody is called its range. False; it is contour A phrase is a component unit of a melody. True The phrases in the tune Amazing Grace are of unequal length. False The melody of The Star-Spangled Banner is best described as conjunct. True Polyrhythms are characteristic of musics of many African cultures True Harmonic movement in music receives its maximum tension from consonance. False; consonance A sharp lowers a musical tone by a half step. False; raises it The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until it is resolved. True A single-voiced texture is called monophony. True A movement is a complete, comparatively independent division of a large-scale work. True Plato felt that music without words was lacking in artistic taste. True The violin was highly developed by Italian instrument makers between about 1600 and 1750. True The viola is somewhat smaller and higher pitched than the violin. False; lower pitched Chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part. True A genre is a category or type of music repertory. True String instruments are generally played by either bowing or plucking. True A type of English entertainment combining music, poetry, and dance was called the: Oratorio Luther believed that music belonged to the: Congregation What is the form of the chorale tune Wachet auf? Bar, AAB Why is Messiah so popular in Britain and America today? a. It is sung in English. b. The first part is appropriate for the Christmas season. c. It combines vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra. d. all of the above ________ was born in Germany and studied in Italy, but spent much of his creative life in England. Handel The famous choral climax of Handels Messiah is: The Hallelujah Chorus In seventeenth-century New England, the Puritan practice of singing that is based on call and response was called: Lining-out The Alla hornpipe movement from Water Music is characterized by: Lively duple meter The solo instrument in Spring, from The Four Seasons, is the: Violin The opening movement of Spring, from The Four Seasons, is in ________ form. Ritornello The harpsichord is different from the piano because: a. it sometimes has two keyboards, rather than one. b. its strings are plucked, rather than struck. c. it is not capable of a wide dynamic range. d. all of the above How many voices, or individual lines, are there in Bachs Contrapunctus I, from The Art of Fugue? Four Which of the following is NOT a type of thematic development? literally repeating a melody at the same pitch level In absolute music, the lack of a prescribed story or text to hold the music together makes the element of ________ especially important. Form A rondo is most typically found in the ________ movement of a Classical multimovement cycle. Last Haydn enjoyed phenomenal musical success with two trips to ________. London, England How many symphonies did Haydn compose? Over 100 Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik is an example of a: Serenade Eine kleine Nachtmusik is: a. German for A Little Night Music. c. a symphony for full orchestra. b. an example of program music. d. all of the above We can best regard sonata-allegro form as a drama between: Two key areas Which of the following best describes the opening of the first movement of Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik? It has a marchlike character. The cadenza in the Classical concerto appears: End of the first movement Which of the following does NOT describe Mozarts piano concertos? He rarely performed his own works, preferring to spotlight his students. What is the form of the first movement of Mozarts Piano Concerto in G Major, K. 453? First-movement concerto form In his third compositional period, Beethoven Used more chromatic harmonies Beethoven gave his Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 the designation: Quasi una fantasia The third movement of Beethovens Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 is: Filled with restless emotion With which symphony did Beethoven begin to expand the possibilities of the genre? Third The Ode to Joy is the finale of Beethovens: Ninth Symphony The text of the Ode to Joy was written by: Schiller How many movements does Beethovens Symphony No. 5 have? Four Which of the following does NOT describe the final movement of Beethovens Symphony No. 5? The movement ends in despair, just like the first movement. Which Beethoven symphony was selected to celebrate the fall of the Berlin Wall? Ninth The Catalogue Aria from Mozarts Don Giovanni lists Don Giovannis: Conquests Mozarts Requiem was: His last work, incomplete upon death The text of Mozarts Requiem is sung in: Latin The German term for the art song is: Lied A song form in which the same melody is repeated for every stanza of text is called: Strophic Schubert and his friends organized evening gatherings of artists, writers, and musicians, called: Schubertiads Robert Schumanns A Poets Love is set to texts by: Henrich Heine What nationality was Stephen Foster? American Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is: Minstrel song Chopin spent his early years in: Poland Chopin spent most of his productive life in: Paris Which of the following was a noted woman composer of the Romantic era? Clara Schumann In which country was Franz Liszt born? Austria Louis Moreau Gottschalk based many of his works on: South American and Caribbean songs. The familiar tune quoted near the end of Gottschalks work The Banjo is: Camptown Races A multimovement, programmatic work for orchestra is called a: Program symphony Which of the following is NOT true of Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? The program deals entirely with nature In Berliozs Symphonie fantastique, what is the idà ©e fixe? the basic theme of the symphony, heard in every movement Music written for plays, generally consisting of an overture and a series of pieces to be performed between acts, is called: Incidental Which of the following does NOT characterize a symphonic poem? It consistently retains Classical form Which of the following is NOT a type of orchestral program music? Concerto The Mighty Five were composers from: Russia Which of the following was NOT a Russian composer? Smetana Morning Mood from Griegs Peer Gynt depicts: His love for his mother Which young composer did Robert and Clara Schumann take into their home? Brahms Brahms wrote ________ symphonies. Four Brahms is often described as a(n) ________ because of his use of the forms established by the Classical masters. Traditionalist Which of the following best describes the style of the third movement of Brahmss Symphony No. 3? Melancholic waltz Which of the following was NOT a leading composer of Italian opera? Bizet The term bel canto refers to: a style of singing that features agility and purity of tone. Verdis opera Nabucco was hugely popular in Italy because it Was interpreted as a sign of Italian independence Wagners total artwork, in which all the arts- music, poetry, drama, visual spectacle- are fused together, is called: the Gesamtkunstwerk. The dominant center of ballet in the early nineteenth century was: France Which of the following is NOT a major figure in post-Romanticism? Brahms The leading composer of Italian opera in the late-Romantic era was: Puccini Puccinis Madame Butterfly is: a tragic tale of a Japanese geisha and a U.S. naval officer. The Japanese shamisen is: A plucked string instrument Of which genre is Faurà © is considered to be a master? song The form of the Libera me from Faurà ©s Requiem is: ABA Impressionism: Sun Rising, the painting that sparked the Impressionist art movement, was created by: Monet Impressionism was a style of painting that was cultivated principally in: Paris Which of the following painters was NOT associated with the Impressionist school? Goya The whole-tone scale used by Impressionist composers derives from: Non-western music The overall form of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun is best described as: ABA What is unusual about the opening of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? It opens with a flute solo in the velvety lower register. African slaves in the nineteenth century created a genre of religious song called: spirituals The spiritual Swing Low, Sweet Chariot reflects qualities of which tradition(s)? a. Native American c. European American b. African American d. all of the above Which American composer became known as the King of Ragtime? Joplin

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The Sobibor Revoltâ€Jewish Retaliation During Holocaust

The Sobibor Revolt- Jewish Retaliation During Holocaust Jews have often been accused of going to their deaths during the Holocaust like sheep to the slaughter, but this just wasnt true. Many resisted. However, the individual attacks and the individual escapes lacked the zest of defiance and craving for life that others, looking back in time, expect and want to see. Many now ask, why didnt the Jews just pick up guns and shoot? How could they let their families starve and die without fighting back? However, one must realize that resisting and revolting were just not this simple. If one prisoner were to pick up a gun and shoot, the SS would not just kill the shooter, but also randomly choose and kill twenty, thirty, even a hundred others in retaliation. Even if escaping from a camp were possible, where were the escapees to go? The roads were traveled by Nazis and the forests were filled with armed, anti-Semitic Poles. And during the winter, during the snow, where were they to live? And if they had been transported from the West to the East, they spoke Dutch or French - not Polish. How were they to survive in the countryside without knowing the language? Although the difficulties seemed insurmountable and success improbable, the Jews of the Sobibor Death Camp attempted a revolt. They made a plan and attacked their captors, but axes and knives were little match for the SSs machine guns. With all this against them, how and why did the prisoners of Sobibor come to the decision to revolt? Rumors During the summer and fall of 1943, the transports into Sobibor came less and less frequently. The Sobibor prisoners had always realized that they had been allowed to live only in order for them to work, to keep the death process running. However, with the slowing of the transports, many began to wonder whether the Nazis had actually succeeded in their goal to wipe out Jewry from Europe, to make it Judenrein. Rumors began to circulate- the camp was to be liquidated. Leon Feldhendler decided it was time to plan an escape. Though only in his thirties, Feldhendler was respected by his fellow inmates. Before coming to Sobibor, Feldhendler had been the head of the Judenrat in the Zolkiewka Ghetto. Having been at Sobibor for nearly a year, Feldhendler had witnessed several individual escapes. Unfortunately, all were followed by severe retaliation against the remaining prisoners. It was for this reason, that Feldhendler believed that an escape plan should include the escape of the entire camp population. In many ways, a mass escape was more easily said than done. How could you get six hundred prisoners out of a well-guarded, land mine-surrounded camp without having the SS discover your plan before it was enacted or without having the SS mow you down with their machine guns? A plan this complex was going to need someone with military and leadership experience. Someone who could not only plan such a feat but also inspire the prisoners to carry it out. Unfortunately, at the time, there was no one in Sobibor who fit both these descriptions. Sasha On September 23, 1943, a transport from Minsk rolled into Sobibor. Unlike most incoming transports, 80 men were selected for work. The SS were planning on building storage facilities in the now empty Lager IV, thus chose strong men from the transport rather than skilled workers. Among those chosen on that day was First Lieutenant Alexander Sasha Pechersky as well as a few of his men. Sasha was a Soviet prisoner of war. He had been sent to the front in October 1941 but had been captured near Viazma. After having been transferred to several camps, the Nazis, during a strip search, had discovered that Sasha was circumcised. Because he was Jewish, the Nazis sent him to Sobibor. Sasha made a big impression on the other prisoners of Sobibor. Three days after arriving at Sobibor, Sasha was out chopping wood with other prisoners. The prisoners, exhausted and hungry, were raising the heavy axes and then letting them fall on the tree stumps. SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Karl Frenzel was guarding the group and regularly punishing already exhausted prisoners with twenty-five lashes each. When Frenzel noticed that Sasha had stopped working during one of these whipping frenzies, he said to Sasha, Russian soldier, you dont like the way I punish this fool? I give you exactly five minutes to split this stump. If you make it, you get a pack of cigarettes. If you miss by as much as one second, you get twenty-five lashes.1 It seemed an impossible task. Yet Sasha attacked the stump [w]ith all my strength and genuine hatred.2 Sasha finished in four and a half minutes. Since Sasha had completed the task in the allotted time, Frenzel made good on his promise of a pack of cigarettes - a highly prized commodity in the camp. Sasha refused the pack, saying Thanks, I dont smoke.3 Sasha then went back to work. Frenzel was furious. Frenzel left for a few minutes and then returned with bread and margarine - a very tempting morsel for all who are really hungry. Frenzel handed the food to Sasha. Again, Sasha refused Frenzels offer, saying, Thank you, the rations we are getting satisfy me fully.4 Obviously a lie, Frenzel was even more furious. However, instead of whipping Sasha, Frenzel turned and abruptly left. This was a first in Sobibor - someone had had the courage to defy the SS and succeeded. News of this incident spread quickly throughout the camp. Sasha and Feldhendler Meet Two days after the wood cutting incident, Leon Feldhendler asked that Sasha and his friend Shlomo Leitman come that evening to the womens barracks to talk. Though both Sasha and Leitman went that night, Feldhendler never arrived. In the womens barracks, Sasha and Leitman were swamped with questions - about life outside the camp...about why the partisans had not attacked the camp and freed them. Sasha explained that the partisans have their tasks, and no one can do our work for us.  5 These words motivated the prisoners of Sobibor. Instead of waiting for others to liberate them, they were coming to the conclusion that they would have to liberate themselves. Feldhendler had now found someone who not only had the military background to plan a mass escape, but also someone who could inspire confidence in the prisoners. Now Feldhendler needed to convince Sasha that a plan of mass escape was needed. The two men met the following day, on September 29. Some of Sashas men were already thinking of escape- but for just a few people, not a mass escape. Feldhendler had to convince them that he and others in the camp could help the Soviet prisoners because they knew the camp. He also told the men of the retaliation that would occur against the whole camp if even just a few were to escape. Soon, they decided to work together and information between the two men passed via a middle man, Shlomo Leitman, so as not to draw attention to the two men. With the information about the routine of the camp, layout of the camp, and specific characteristics of the guards and SS, Sasha began to plan. The Plan Sasha knew that any plan would be far-fetched. Even though the prisoners outnumbered the guards, the guards had machine guns and could call for back-up. The first plan was to dig a tunnel. They started digging the tunnel in the beginning of October. Originating in the carpentry shop, the tunnel had to be dug under the perimeter fence and then under the minefields. On October 7, Sasha voiced his fears about this plan - the hours at night were not sufficient to allow the entire camp population to crawl through the tunnel and fights were likely to flare-up between prisoners waiting to crawl through. These problems were never encountered because the tunnel was ruined from heavy rains on October 8 and 9. Sasha began working on another plan. This time it was not just a mass escape, it was a revolt. Sasha asked that members of the Underground start preparing weapons in the prisoner workshops- they began to make both knives and hatchets. Although the Underground had already learned that the camp commandant, SS Haupsturmfà ¼hrer Franz Reichleitner and SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Hubert Gomerski had gone on vacation, on October 12 they saw SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Gustav Wagner leaving the camp with his suitcases. With Wagner gone, many felt the opportunity ripe for the revolt. As Toivi Blatt describes Wagner: Wagners departure gave us a tremendous morale boost. While cruel, he was also very intelligent. Always on the go, he could suddenly show up in the most unexpected places. Always suspicious and snooping, he was difficult to fool. Besides, his colossal stature and strength would make it very difficult for us to overcome him with our primitive weapons.6 On the nights of October 11 and 12, Sasha told the Underground the complete plans for the revolt. The Soviet prisoners of war were to be dispersed to different workshops around the camp. The SS would be individually lured to the various workshops either by appointments to pick up finished products they had ordered like boots or by individual items that attracted their greed like a newly arrived leather coat. The planning took into consideration the Germans brashness and power-hungry mistreatment of the seemingly subdued Jews, their consistent and systematic daily routine, their unfaltering punctuality, and their greed.7 Each SS man would be killed in the workshops. It was important that the SS did not cry out when being killed nor any of the guards alerted that something unusual was happening in the camps. Then, all the prisoners would report as usual to the roll call square and then walk out together through the front gate. It was hoped that once the SS had been eliminated, the Ukrainian guards, who had a small supply of ammunition, would acquiesce to the revolting prisoners. The phone lines were to be cut early in the revolt so that the escapees would have several hours of fleeing time under the cover of darkness before back-up could be notified. Significant to the plan was that only a very small group of the prisoners even knew of the revolt. It was to be a surprise to the general camp population at roll call. It was decided that the following day, October 13, would be the day of revolt. We knew our fate. We knew that we were in an extermination camp and death was our destiny. We knew that even a sudden end to the war might spare the inmates of the normal  concentration camps, but never us. Only desperate actions could shorten our suffering and maybe afford us a chance of escape. And the will to resist had grown and ripened. We had no dreams of liberation; we hoped merely to destroy the camp and to die from bullets rather than from gas. We would not make it easy for the Germans.8 October 13 The day had finally arrived. Tension was high. In the morning, a group of SS arrived from the nearby Ossowa labor camp. The arrival of these additional SS not only increased the man power of the SS in the camp but could preclude the regular SS men from making their appointments in the workshops. Since the additional SS were still in the camp during lunchtime, the revolt was postponed. It was rescheduled for the following day - October 14. As the prisoners went to bed, many were afraid of what was to come. Esther Grinbaum, a very sentimental and intelligent young woman, wiped away her tears and said: Its not yet the time for an uprising. Tomorrow none of us will be alive. Everything will remain as it was - the barracks, the sun will rise and set, the flowers will bloom and wilt, but we will be no more. Her closest friend, Helka Lubartowska, a beautiful dark-eyed brunette, tried to encourage her: There is no other way. Nobody knows what the results will be, but one thing is sure, we will not be led to slaughter.9 October 14 The day had come. Excitement among the prisoners was so high that no matter what happened, the revolt could not be postponed, for the SS were sure to notice the change in mood in the prisoners. The few weapons that had been made were already handed out to those doing the killing. In the morning, they all had to try to look and act normal while waiting for the afternoon to come. NoonAll battle team commanders (the prisoners who were to actively participate in the revolt were broken up into battle teams of two to three persons each) had each individually met with Sasha for final instructions.Frenzel entered the carpentry shop and noticed one prisoner was wearing especially nice clothing. The inmate was wearing nice clothes in preparation for the revolt. Many other prisoners were wearing extra clothes as well as carrying extra food and valuables. Frenzel asked the prisoner if he was going to a wedding. 102:00 p.m.Something unusual happened. SS Unterscharfà ¼hrer Walter Ryba, armed with a submachine gun, came into Lager I and took four prisoners away with him. SS didnt usually carry such heavy weapons. Could he know about the planned revolt?3:00 to 4:00 p.m.Sasha found out that SS Ryba was only carrying the submachine gun because a Ukrainian guard had not also accompanied the prisoners.Many of the battle teams take their positions.My assignment was to liquidat e Scharfà ¼hrer Greischutz, who was in charge of the Ukrainian guard. I was happy for the opportunity given to me to kill a German. We had prepared axes, which we had sharpened in the smithy. We took up our position an hour earlier. At four oclock we were sitting in the rooms and waited.11 4:00 to 5:00 p.m.The killings began. (Though there are discrepancies in the accounts as to which SS officer was killed at what location, the following is a summary of the SS deaths.)Vorlager: Leon Feldhendler was stationed here to help orchestrate the revolt in this section of the camp.Unterscharfà ¼hrer Josef Wulf: Wulf was the first SS man killed during the revolt. Once he entered the storeroom, one prisoner offered him a coat and another helped him into it. While he was putting on the coat, two other prisoners hit him on the head with axes. Wulfs dead body was then hidden among piles of clothes and the blood was cleaned up.Steubel: Steubel was also lured into the storeroom and killed.Scharfà ¼hrer Vallaster: Killed during revolt; circumstances of death not known.Scharfà ¼hrer Kurt Beckman: While the attempt to lure Beckman to the storeroom for a new leather coat started successfully, on his way he abruptly turned around and went to his office. A little later, three prisoners we nt to Beckmans office where they surprised him and stabbed him with daggers. Since they did not have time to hide his body or clean up the blood, they left the body behind the desk.Unterscharfà ¼hrer Walter Ryba: Not part of the planned killings, Ryba entered the SS garage and was killed by a prisoner working there. Sasha worried that Rybas body, which was very close to the SS and Ukrainian living quarters, would be discovered.Lager I: Sasha Pechersky was stationed here to orchestrate the revolt in this section of the camp.Untersturmfà ¼hrer Josef Niemann: The acting commander of the camp rode up to the tailor shop on his chestnut horse, dismounted, and went inside. As he was being fitted for a new uniform, prisoners hit him on the back of the head with an  axe. His body was then dragged to the back room and his horse taken back to the stables.Oberscharfà ¼hrer  Goettinger: Head of Lager III, Goettinger was asked to try on a new pair of boots in the shoemakers shop. While tal king to the shoemaker, Goettingers head was smashed with an  axe.Scharfà ¼hrer Siegfried Greischutz: Head of the Ukrainian guard, Greischutz was killed once inside the Ukrainian tailor shop.Klat: Klat, a Ukrainian guard, entered the tailors shop looking for his boss, Greischutz (who had just been killed there). The tailors maneuvered Klat so that his back was to the back room. He was then attacked and killed.Scharfà ¼hrer Friedrich Gaulstich: Gaulstich was killed in the carpentry workshop. After 5:00 p.m.The prisoners had gathered as usual in the roll call area. At 5:10 p.m. - twenty minutes early for roll call - the roll call whistle was blown according to Sashas signal. Though Sasha was surprised at how well the plan had gone thus far, he realized that there could not be an orderly march through the front gate. Sasha stood up and addressed the assembled prisoners, saying something similar to Our day has come. Most of the Germans are dead. Lets die with honor. Remember, if anyone survives, he must tell the world what has happened here.12A Ukrainian guard discovered the body of Scharfà ¼hrer Beckman behind his desk and ran outside where SS men hear him yell, A German is dead! This alerted the rest of the camp to the revolt.The prisoners at the roll call square yell, Hurrah! Then it was every man and woman for themselves.Prisoners were running to the fences. Some were trying to cut them, others just climbed over. Yet, in most places, the minefield was still fully in pl ace.Suddenly we heard shots. In the beginning only a few shots, and then it turned into heavy shooting, including machine-gun fire. We heard shouting, and I could see a group of prisoners running with axes, knives, scissors, cutting the fences and crossing them. Mines started to explode. Riot and confusion prevailed, everything was thundering around. The doors of the workshop were opened, and everyone rushed through. . . . We ran out of the workshop. All around were the bodies of the killed and wounded. Near the armory were some of our boys with weapons. Some of them were exchanging fire with the Ukrainians, others were running toward the gate or through the fences. My coat caught on the fence. I took off the coat, freed myself and ran further behind the fences into the minefield. A mine exploded nearby, and I could see a body being lifted into the air and then falling down. I did not recognize who it was.13As the remaining SS were alerted to the revolt, they grabbed machine guns an d began shooting into the mass of people. The guards in the towers were also firing into the crowd.The prisoners were running through the minefield, over an open area, and then into the forest. It is estimated that about half the prisoners (approximately 300) made it to the forests. The Forest Once in the forests, the escapees tried to quickly find relatives and friends. Though they started off in large groups of prisoners, they eventually broke into smaller and smaller groups in order to be able to find food and to hide. Sasha had been leading one large group of about 50 prisoners. On October 17, the group stopped. Sasha chose several men, which included all the rifles of the group except one, and passed around a hat to collect money from the group to buy food. He told the group that he and the others he had chosen were going to do some reconnaissance. The others protested, but Sasha promised hed come back. He never did. After waiting for a long time, the group realized that Sasha was not going to come back, thus they split into smaller groups and headed off in different directions. After the war, Sasha explained his leaving by saying that it would have been impossible to hide and feed such a large group. But no matter how  truthful  this statement, the remaining members of the group felt bitter and betrayed by Sasha. Within four days of the escape, 100 of the 300 escapees were caught. The remaining 200 continued to flee and hide. Most were shot by local Poles or by partisans. Only 50 to 70 survived the war. Though this number is small, it is still much larger than if the prisoners had not revolted, for surely, the entire camp population would have been liquidated by the Nazis. Notes 1. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Yitzhak Arad,  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps  (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987) 307.2. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.3. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.4. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.5. Ibid 308.6. Thomas Toivi Blatt,  From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival  (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997) 144.7. Ibid 141.8. Ibid 139.9. Arad,  Belzec  321.10. Ibid 324.11. Yehuda Lerner as quoted in Ibid 327.12. Richard Rashke,  Escape From Sobibor  (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995) 229.13. Ada Lichtman as quoted in Arad,  Belzec  331. 14. Ibid 364. Bibliography Arad, Yitzhak.  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps.  Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987. Blatt, Thomas Toivi.  From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997. Novitch, Miriam.  Sobibor: Martyrdom and Revolt. New York: Holocaust Library, 1980. Rashke, Richard.  Escape From Sobibor. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Measurement of the force of typical and jerking impact on a horses Essay

Measurement of the force of typical and jerking impact on a horses mouth by the snaffle bit used in equestrian sports - Essay Example The key issue addressed is the defining of regular and maximum rein tension and bit pressure, which is applied by riders in the case of punishing the horse. The report describes a laboratory experiment with several selected training techniques that are used in this modern age. The amount of pressure that was actually applied by six riders of different qualifications to the mouth of the horse by pulling the reins was determined with a dynamometer attached to the reins. The experiment tested â€Å"typical† and â€Å"jerking† forces applied by the rider, and the subsequent impact of the bit (common snaffle) on the horse’s mouth. The maximum impact force of the reins upon the horse head mannequin was fixated at the levels of 179kg. Mechanical impacts of mentioned intensity, registered during experiments, might lead to various damage of oral cavity tissues. The authors are of the opinion that the bit punishment represents pain and cruelty, and after the experiment, all participants were interviewed. Common methods of bit punishment, the amount of rein tension, and why they were applied to the horse’s mouth were di scussed and analysed. Data was presented in tables, and statistical principles were applied. Attention was raised that all training methods used across equestrian disciplines could jeopardise equine welfare. While it was proven that the bit is a cause of many diseases, disorders, and injuries (Cook, 2003), it is still used in equine sports and recreation. The term ‘cruelty’ is still not attributed to physical punishment, harm, pain or injury that may happen in the equine sport. McGreevy (2007) addressed the issue of the horse’s welfare in his review of Equitation Science. It is an emerging discipline that combines learning, theory, physics and ethnology to evaluate current training techniques. Up to now, arguments concerning the horse’s welfare rely

Friday, October 18, 2019

Student Loan Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Student Loan Crisis - Essay Example Student loans have become the main source of indebtedness in America. Notably, the U.S government is not doing much in ensuring that students get their degree from college without struggling so much. Personally, I think it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that every American child has an easy access to quality education and this should extends to higher learning. The government should forgive students loans because Americans have a right to achieve their dreams. This paper presents an argument that the U.S government should do more to relieve the student loan burden. Arguably, the U.S government needs to cover tuition payments for students or make higher education free. It should set rules and establish unbreakable laws that enable individuals to obtain the college education. This is necessary because offering free education for students without appropriate conditions will facilitate the emergence of careless generation. That is, if college education is free, there should be fully implemented laws that make it difficult to get college education. For instance, when applying for any major in the University of Kuwait, GPA must be more than 2.50. More so, when applying for government scholarship, GPA above 3.00 is needed. Apart from these strict rules, there is a warning for students in the scholarship program if they get GPA below 2.00, and after getting many warnings during college, the student is suspended and must pay the government all the college costs. Indeed, such rules motivate the students to study harder and try their best to graduate suc cessfully so as to avoid the consequences of these rules. Therefore, the U.S government should establish rules that ensure that students take their studies serious. Moreover, the government should give students free interest loans to enable them overcome struggles they face during loan repayment.  That is, it should help American students to get loans to pay their tuition fees with no benefits. This will make it easier for college graduates to pay back their loan and escape the loan burden. After college, it is very hard to get a good paying job immediately they finish college as most of them are graduating from college into the worst jobs and they have records of student debt, and this makes it hard for them to pay their debts in a shorter time (Jackson).  

Negotiate in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiate in business - Essay Example "At the business level, firms follow generic strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, focused cost leadership, focused differentiation, or integrated cost leadership/differentiation. There are three corporate-level negotiation strategies: multi-domestic, global, or transnational (a combination of multi-domestic and global)" (2). Each business must develop a competitive negotiation strategy focused on its own domestic market. Negotiation strategies have some unique features. The negotiation strategies are based at least partially on the type of negotiation corporate-level strategy the firm has chosen. Some firms pursue corporate strategies that give individual country units the authority to develop their own negotiation strategies; other corporate strategies dictate the negotiation strategies in order to standardize the firms products and sharing of resources across countries. (3) Canadians are usually independent thinkers, who are not afraid to go against the group consensus. Canadians will argue their personal viewpoints enthusiastically, though rarely aggressively when negotiating (4). Canadians have a tendency to be reasonably formal and reserved in the workplace. The business traditions can be hierarchical, although summits are usually very autonomous and all participants are encouraged to voice their opinions. (2) In recent years, strategic alliances have become a popular means of negotiation expansion. Most strategic alliances are formed with a host-country firm that knows and understands the competitive negotiation conditions, legal, and social norms, and cultural idiosyncrasies of the country, which should help the expanding firm manufacture and market a competitive negotiation product. (1) In return, the host-country firm may find its new access to the expanding firms technology and innovative products attractive (3). Each partner in an alliance brings knowledge or resources to

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Analysis LA Fitness in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis LA Fitness in England - Essay Example The main reason behind expansion of LA Fitness is that it wants to offer a wide range of services in the new markets in order to ensure the success of the business in the international market as well. The company plans to expand in England. Some of the driving points, which would enable the company to expand its business in the foreign markets and achieve success, are given below: 1. The increasing awareness related to the health issues as well as concern towards obesity and its effects amongst the people of England, will act as one of the key element in acceptance of the business operations of LA Fitness in the country. 2. Increasing wish of controlling and maintaining weight, avoiding various health issues and reducing daily stress influences individuals to visit the health clubs almost regularly. This is one of the main reasons behind LA Fitness’s business expansion plans into the international market. 3. LA Fitness provides services to meet the needs of the customers and o ffer them facilities for most of their health and fitness needs. This would help them in achieving success in their business operations in the international market easily. 4. The consumers would be offered different exercise regimes. Well differentiated service offered by the company would enable it in developing recognition in the new market. LA Fitness provides customized training services for meeting the personal needs of each and every member and gives them chance to choose the best suitable work out for themselves. Industry Analysis using Porter’s Five Forces Analysis would help in understanding the reason behind the expansion of the company in the chosen Country. Porter’s Five Forces analysis Porter’s five forces analysis would help in performing the industry analysis of health and fitness industry in England (Alkhafaji, 2003; Porter, 1980; 1998). Competition from the existing firms- There are many health clubs in England, which offer health and fitness se rvices to the customers. Thus the competition from the existing firms is very high (David, 1986). However, LA Fitness provides customer friendly services to its members. It is better than its competitors, as it treats its customers as family members and provide them good training. The fitness market is having a growth of certain percentage every year. The company has huge scope of achieving competitive advantage over its competitors by expanding the fitness clubs and hiring large number of employees in the new market, who would provide good services. Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of the buyers is very high in England as there are a large number of fitness clubs offering services to the customers (Davis, 2008). There are a large number of alternative options for them. This increases their bargaining power. Moreover, 10 to 15 percent of buyers of the health clubs do not renew their membership as they do not find it interesting anymore. LA Fitness would have to advan ce its services by utilization of latest technologies in order to retain its buyers in the new market. Threat of substitutes: There are various substitutes for health clubs. People can consume healthy food; go for cycling or walking after eating. There are many individuals who play sports regularly in order to stay healthy. Some of them do labor work, which keeps them physically fit. Some visit doctors and maintain fixed diet in order to remain aware of the nutrients.

Leadership in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Leadership in management - Essay Example Opposed to this trait theory of leadership, evolved a system of understanding called the behavioural theories of leadership. Behavioural theories of leadership are based upon the idea that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviourism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders, not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviourism, behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states. Behavioral theories of leadership do not seek inborn traits or capabilities. Rather, they look at what leaders actually do. If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it should be relatively easy for other people to act in the same way. This is easier to teach and learn then to adopt the more ephemeral traits or capabilities. Thus , Behavioral leadership is a big leap from Trait Theory, in that it assumes that leadership capability can be learned, rather than being inherent. This opens the floodgates to leadership development, as opposed to simple psychometric assessment that sorts those with leadership potential from those who will never have the chance. A behavioral theory is relatively easy to develop, as you simply assess both leadership success and the actions of leaders. With a large enough study, you can then correlate statistically significant behaviors with success.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Analysis LA Fitness in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis LA Fitness in England - Essay Example The main reason behind expansion of LA Fitness is that it wants to offer a wide range of services in the new markets in order to ensure the success of the business in the international market as well. The company plans to expand in England. Some of the driving points, which would enable the company to expand its business in the foreign markets and achieve success, are given below: 1. The increasing awareness related to the health issues as well as concern towards obesity and its effects amongst the people of England, will act as one of the key element in acceptance of the business operations of LA Fitness in the country. 2. Increasing wish of controlling and maintaining weight, avoiding various health issues and reducing daily stress influences individuals to visit the health clubs almost regularly. This is one of the main reasons behind LA Fitness’s business expansion plans into the international market. 3. LA Fitness provides services to meet the needs of the customers and o ffer them facilities for most of their health and fitness needs. This would help them in achieving success in their business operations in the international market easily. 4. The consumers would be offered different exercise regimes. Well differentiated service offered by the company would enable it in developing recognition in the new market. LA Fitness provides customized training services for meeting the personal needs of each and every member and gives them chance to choose the best suitable work out for themselves. Industry Analysis using Porter’s Five Forces Analysis would help in understanding the reason behind the expansion of the company in the chosen Country. Porter’s Five Forces analysis Porter’s five forces analysis would help in performing the industry analysis of health and fitness industry in England (Alkhafaji, 2003; Porter, 1980; 1998). Competition from the existing firms- There are many health clubs in England, which offer health and fitness se rvices to the customers. Thus the competition from the existing firms is very high (David, 1986). However, LA Fitness provides customer friendly services to its members. It is better than its competitors, as it treats its customers as family members and provide them good training. The fitness market is having a growth of certain percentage every year. The company has huge scope of achieving competitive advantage over its competitors by expanding the fitness clubs and hiring large number of employees in the new market, who would provide good services. Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of the buyers is very high in England as there are a large number of fitness clubs offering services to the customers (Davis, 2008). There are a large number of alternative options for them. This increases their bargaining power. Moreover, 10 to 15 percent of buyers of the health clubs do not renew their membership as they do not find it interesting anymore. LA Fitness would have to advan ce its services by utilization of latest technologies in order to retain its buyers in the new market. Threat of substitutes: There are various substitutes for health clubs. People can consume healthy food; go for cycling or walking after eating. There are many individuals who play sports regularly in order to stay healthy. Some of them do labor work, which keeps them physically fit. Some visit doctors and maintain fixed diet in order to remain aware of the nutrients.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

In Europe after the second world war several cities approved price Essay

In Europe after the second world war several cities approved price ceilings on rental accommodation - Essay Example The protest of people for controlling price is understandable. Even though price control is understandable but still the government may be able to protect only some of the consumers while imposing negative impact of price control on others. However the aim of the government is to protect the group that usually gets pressed hard because of inflation. Thus charging high interest on different loans is to protect people who are forced to borrow out of desperation. Similarly the maximum price of eatables, such as bread, is to protect poor ones who completely depend on it for their survival and the rent control is for protecting the landlords at times when the demand for the apartments exceed the supply (McEachern, 2012). The New York State legislators are seen defending the Protection Act of War Emergency Tenant in order to cater the housing shortage related to war. The war that has been addressed in this law is not the Vietnam War or the war of Iraq but it is the World War II, which is considered to be the starting of rent control issues in America. Although war has not much to do with the shortage of apartments, as the shortage are more likely to occur due to rent control; which is considered to be the supposed solution for making accommodation readily available. Gotham is the only city of America which embraces rent control; however many other cities have surrendered to the blarney of this legislative fix (Christ, 2009). Like all the other mandated price control of the government, rent control is also considered to be a law related to the fixation of maximum price or â€Å"rent ceiling†, which explains that what exactly the landlords must charge from the tenants. In order to make the rent ceiling work, the rent must be placed below the rate that would be prevailed otherwise. For example, an enactment prohibiting landlords from exceeding the apartment rent from $100,000 per month would have not been